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Haldex Traction is a manufacturer of intelligent all-wheel drive (AWD) systems, founded in Sweden.Since the invention of Gen I in 1998, the company produced several generations of products licensed to and customized for some major automotive brands, that in turn have marketed Haldex Traction AWD under different names.
XWD, an acronym for Cross-Wheel Drive and also known as Haldex Generation 4, is an all-wheel drive system designed by Haldex in partnership with Saab. [1] The XWD is a permanent all-wheel drive system, that can pre-emptively and continuously change torque distribution before wheel slip occurs. Saab Turbo X, the launch vehicle for Saab XWD
Haldex co-owned (from 2004) the company Alfdex with Alfa Laval, for production of separators for truck engines. Haldex after 2011: In 2011, the Traction division was divested to BorgWarner, including the all-wheel drive. The hydraulic division formed a new company called Concentric and was listed on the Stockholm stock exchange.
The theory of evolution deals primarily with changes in successive generations over time after life has already originated. [130] The scientific model concerned with the origin of the first organisms from organic or inorganic molecules is known as abiogenesis , and the prevailing theory for explaining the early development of the universe is ...
Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]
Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. [1] This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere , hydrosphere / cryosphere , atmosphere , and geosphere (or lithosphere ).
Environmental studies (EVS or EVST) is a multidisciplinary academic field which systematically studies human interaction with the environment.Environmental studies connects principles from the physical sciences, commerce/economics, the humanities, [1] and social sciences [2] to address complex contemporary environmental issues.