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A high-pressure sodium street light in Toronto A high-pressure sodium-vapor lamp An HPS lamp that isn't entirely off. A sodium-vapor lamp is a gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium in an excited state to produce light at a characteristic wavelength near 589 nm. Two varieties of such lamps exist: low pressure, and high pressure.
The Kelvin color temperature scale ranges from 1000K (amber) to 3000K (yellow) to 5500K (white) to 8000K (blue) to 12000K (purple). HID Lamp Color Temperature Range. HID lamps produce different colors of light primarily through the use of various metal additives in the lamp's arc tube and the physics of the gas discharge process. [11]
The introduction of the metal vapor lamp, including various metals within the discharge tube, was a later advance. The heat of the gas discharge vaporizes some of the metal and the discharge is then produced almost exclusively by the metal vapor. The usual metals are sodium and mercury owing to their visible spectrum emission.
A gas-discharge lamp is an electric light using a gas-filled tube; these include fluorescent lamps, metal-halide lamps, sodium-vapor lamps, and neon lights. Specialized gas-filled tubes such as krytrons, thyratrons, and ignitrons are used as switching devices in electric devices.
Most gas ranges and cooktops use sparking devices to ignite the burner flame. This eliminates the need for a pilot flame, which wastes energy.Most of these sparking device-equipped ranges require the user to control the ignition sparking manually, resulting in a three-step process required to operate the burner:
A kitchen hood in a small apartment. A kitchen hood, exhaust hood, hood fan, extractor hood, or range hood is a device containing a mechanical fan that hangs above the stove or cooktop in the kitchen. It removes airborne grease, combustion products, fumes, smoke, heat, and steam from the air by evacuation of the air and filtration. [1]
It is a type of high-intensity discharge (HID) gas discharge lamp. [1] Developed in the 1960s, they are similar to mercury vapor lamps, [1] but contain additional metal halide compounds in the quartz arc tube, which improve the efficiency and color rendition of the light. The most common metal halide compound used is sodium iodide. Once the arc ...
The minimum ignition energy (MIE) is a safety characteristic in explosion protection and prevention which determines the ignition capability of fuel-air mixtures, where the fuel may be combustible vapor, gas or dust.
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