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More than 8000 species of sea sponges live in oceanic and freshwater habitats. [1] Sponge fishing historically has been an important and lucrative industry, with yearly catches from years 1913 to 1938 regularly exceeding 181 tonnes and generating over 1 million U.S. dollars.
Sponges or sea sponges are primarily marine invertebrates of the metazoan phylum Porifera [4] (/ p ... Leuconid sponges grow to over 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter, and the ...
The study’s authors collected sponges from waters at least 100 feet deep off Puerto Rico and near the island of St. Croix, analyzed their skeletons’ chemical composition, charted their ...
Hexactinellid sponges require a hard substrate, and do not anchor to muddy or sandy sea floors. [6] They are found only where sedimentation rates are low, dissolved silica is high (43–75 μM), and bottom currents are between 0.15 and 0.30 m/s. [5] Dissolved oxygen is low (64–152 μM), and temperatures are a cool 5.5-7.3 °C at the reefs. [5]
Winter and McCulloch said these rusty orange long-lived sponges — one of them was more than 320 years old when it was collected — are special in a way that makes them an ideal measuring tool ...
Spongia officinalis, better known as a variety of bath sponge, is a commercially used sea sponge. [2] Individuals grow in large lobes with small openings and are formed by a mesh of primary and secondary fibers. [3] [2] It is light grey to black in color. [3] It is found throughout the Mediterranean Sea up to 100 meters deep on rocky or sandy ...
Chondrocladia lyra, also known as the lyre sponge or harp sponge, is a species of carnivorous deep-sea sponge first discovered off the Californian coast living at depths of 10,800–11,500 feet (3,300–3,500 m) by Welton L. Lee, Henry M Reiswig, William C. Austin, and Lonny Lundsten from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI).
The perennial plant northern sea oats offer visual appeal throughout the year. The ornamental grass also provides seeds for wildlife during winter.