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The decibel (symbol: dB) is a relative unit of measurement equal to one tenth of a bel (B). It expresses the ratio of two values of a power or root-power quantity on a logarithmic scale. Two signals whose levels differ by one decibel have a power ratio of 10 1/10 (approximately 1.26) or root-power ratio of 10 1/20 (approximately 1.12). [1] [2]
Figure 9 is the phase plot. Using the value of f 0 dB = 1 kHz found above from the magnitude plot of Figure 8, the open-loop phase at f 0 dB is −135°, which is a phase margin of 45° above −180°. Using Figure 9, for a phase of −180° the value of f 180 = 3.332 kHz (the same result as found earlier, of course [note 3]).
In the bipolar transistor example, it is the ratio of the output current to the input current, both measured in amperes. In the case of other devices, the gain will have a value in SI units. Such is the case with the operational transconductance amplifier , which has an open-loop gain ( transconductance ) in siemens ( mhos ), because the gain ...
In a wireless communication system, the link margin (LKM) is a critical parameter that measures the reliability and robustness of the communication link. It is expressed in decibels and represents the difference between the minimum expected power received at the receiver's end and the receiver's sensitivity.
Decibels relative to full scale (dBFS or dB FS) is a unit of measurement for amplitude levels in digital systems, such as pulse-code modulation (PCM), which have a defined maximum peak level. The unit is similar to the units dBov and decibels relative to overload ( dBO ).
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Vinyl microgroove phonograph records typically yield 55-65 dB, though the first play of the higher-fidelity outer rings can achieve a dynamic range of 70 dB. [25] German magnetic tape in 1941 was reported to have had a dynamic range of 60 dB, [26] though modern-day restoration experts of such tapes note 45-50 dB as the observed dynamic range. [27]
Unit: decibel (dB) L FSL = The free space loss. Unit: decibel (dB). A MU = Median attenuation. Unit: decibel (dB). H MG = Mobile station antenna height gain factor H BG = Base station antenna height gain factor K correction = Correction factor gain (such as type of environment, water surfaces, isolated obstacle etc.)