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  2. Gaussian units - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_units

    One difference between the Gaussian and SI systems is in the factor 4π in various formulas that relate the quantities that they define. With SI electromagnetic units, called rationalized, [3] [4] Maxwell's equations have no explicit factors of 4π in the formulae, whereas the inverse-square force laws – Coulomb's law and the Biot–Savart law – do have a factor of 4π attached to the r 2.

  3. Gaussian function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_function

    The product of two Gaussian probability density functions (PDFs), though, is not in general a Gaussian PDF. Taking the Fourier transform (unitary, angular-frequency convention) of a Gaussian function with parameters a = 1 , b = 0 and c yields another Gaussian function, with parameters c {\displaystyle c} , b = 0 and 1 / c {\displaystyle 1/c ...

  4. Electromagnetic stress–energy tensor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_stress...

    The electromagnetic stress–energy tensor in the International System of Quantities (ISQ), which underlies the SI, is [1] = [], where is the electromagnetic tensor and where is the Minkowski metric tensor of metric signature (− + + +) and the Einstein summation convention over repeated indices is used.

  5. File:Intensity profiles of Laguerre-Gaussian modes.pdf ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Intensity_profiles_of...

    You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

  6. Gauss–Laguerre quadrature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss–Laguerre_quadrature

    "Table of zeros and Gaussian Weights of certain Associated Laguerre Polynomials and the related Hermite Polynomials". Mathematics of Computation. 18 (88): 598–616. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-1964-0166397-1. JSTOR 2002946. MR 0166397. Ehrich, S. (2002). "On stratified extensions of Gauss-Laguerre and Gauss-Hermite quadrature formulas".

  7. Complex beam parameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_beam_parameter

    In optics, the complex beam parameter is a complex number that specifies the properties of a Gaussian beam at a particular point z along the axis of the beam. It is usually denoted by q . It can be calculated from the beam's vacuum wavelength λ 0 , the radius of curvature R of the phase front , the index of refraction n ( n =1 for air), and ...

  8. Table of Gaussian integer factorizations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_Gaussian_Integer...

    A Gaussian integer is either the zero, one of the four units (±1, ±i), a Gaussian prime or composite.The article is a table of Gaussian Integers x + iy followed either by an explicit factorization or followed by the label (p) if the integer is a Gaussian prime.

  9. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    All these extensions are also called normal or Gaussian laws, so a certain ambiguity in names exists. The multivariate normal distribution describes the Gaussian law in the k-dimensional Euclidean space. A vector X ∈ R k is multivariate-normally distributed if any linear combination of its components Σ k j=1 a j X j has a (univariate) normal ...