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The imbrex and tegula (pl.: imbrices and tegulae) were overlapping roof tiles used in ancient Greek and Roman architecture as a waterproof and durable roof covering. They were made predominantly of fired clay , but also sometimes of marble , bronze or gilt .
The truss roof of the 4th-century church Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome. The triangular frame of beams of the main nave is largely self-supporting, as the forces are carried along the beams rather than acting vertically on them. The list of ancient roofs comprises roof constructions from Greek and Roman architecture, ordered by clear span.
The House of the Tiles is a monumental Early Bronze Age building (two stories, approximately 12 x 25 m) located at the archaeological site of Lerna in southern Greece. [1] It is notable for several architectural features that were advanced for its time during the Helladic period, notably its roof covered by baked tiles, which gave the building its name.
Ancient Greek buildings of timber, clay and plaster construction were probably roofed with thatch. With the rise of stone architecture came the appearance of fired ceramic roof tiles. These early roof tiles showed an S-shape, with the pan and cover tile forming one piece.
The spread of the roof-tile technique has to be viewed in connection with the simultaneous rise of monumental architecture in Ancient Greece. [ citation needed ] Only the newly appearing stone walls, which were replacing the earlier mudbrick and wood walls, were strong enough to support the weight of a tiled roof. [ 16 ]
It was among the first types of Cycladic "island marble" to be used. It is the largest-grained marble which was used in ancient times. [3] It was already suggested by Richard Lepsius in 1890 that Naxian marble was used for the creation of ancient roof tiles at Olympia and on the Athenian Acropolis, [4] which subsequent research affirmed. [5]
The earliest examples in museum collections date back to the 7th century BCE in both Greece and Etruria. [2] In the garden of the Villa Giulia in Rome, that houses the National Etruscan Museum, is a reconstruction of an Etruscan temple built between 1889 and 1890 on the basis of the ruins found in Alatri. Its tiled roof is lined with antefixes.
The roof was tiled in terracotta, a recent innovation for the Greeks; the extra weight compared to thatch or wooden shingles was perhaps a factor driving the change to building with stone. [4] North-west corner of the temple. Much later, in the Hellenistic period, the wooden columns were replaced with stone, but the entablature seems to have ...
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