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Stochastic optimization (SO) are optimization methods that generate and use random variables. For stochastic optimization problems, the objective functions or constraints are random. Stochastic optimization also include methods with random iterates .
A stochastic program is an optimization problem in which some or all problem parameters are uncertain, but follow known probability distributions. [1] [2] This framework contrasts with deterministic optimization, in which all problem parameters are assumed to be known exactly. The goal of stochastic programming is to find a decision which both ...
Stochastic approximation methods are a family of iterative methods typically used for root-finding problems or for optimization problems. The recursive update rules of stochastic approximation methods can be used, among other things, for solving linear systems when the collected data is corrupted by noise, or for approximating extreme values of functions which cannot be computed directly, but ...
Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) is an algorithmic method for optimizing systems with multiple unknown parameters. It is a type of stochastic approximation algorithm. As an optimization method, it is appropriately suited to large-scale population models, adaptive modeling, simulation optimization, and atmospheric modeling.
Stochastic optimization is an umbrella set of methods that includes simulated annealing and numerous other approaches. Particle swarm optimization is an algorithm modeled on swarm intelligence that finds a solution to an optimization problem in a search space, or models and predicts social behavior in the presence of objectives.
Robert Merton used stochastic control to study optimal portfolios of safe and risky assets. [7] His work and that of Black–Scholes changed the nature of the finance literature. Influential mathematical textbook treatments were by Fleming and Rishel, [8] and by Fleming and Soner. [9] These techniques were applied by Stein to the financial ...
Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) method for stochastic optimization; uses random (efficient) gradient approximation. Methods that evaluate only function values: If a problem is continuously differentiable, then gradients can be approximated using finite differences, in which case a gradient-based method can be used.
The study of stochastic processes uses mathematical knowledge and techniques from probability, calculus, linear algebra, set theory, and topology [38] [39] [40] as well as branches of mathematical analysis such as real analysis, measure theory, Fourier analysis, and functional analysis.