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A paraganglion (pl. paraganglia) is a group of non-neuronal cells derived of the neural crest. They are named for being generally in close proximity to sympathetic ganglia. They are essentially of two types: (1) chromaffin or sympathetic paraganglia made of chromaffin cells and (2) nonchromaffin or parasympathetic paraganglia made of glomus cells.
Head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL): There are various types of head and neck paraganglioma; they may have specialized names depending on the precise location. [ 9 ] Carotid paraganglioma ( carotid body tumor): Is the most common of the head and neck paragangliomas.
GP consist of three components (1) ganglion cells, (2) epithelioid cells (neuroendocrine-like), and (3) spindle cells (schwannoma-like). The microscopic differential diagnosis includes poorly differentiated carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour and paraganglioma. [1] GPs may be sporadic or arise in the context neurofibromatosis type 1.
A zellballen is a small nest of chromaffin cells or chief cells with pale eosinophilic staining. Zellballen are separated into groups by segmenting bands of fibrovascular stroma, and are surrounded by supporting sustentacular cells. [1] A zellballen pattern is diagnostic for paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma. [2] Zellballen is German for "ball ...
It can be the source of paraganglioma. [8]The organ of Zuckerkandl is of pathological significance in the adult as a common extra-adrenal site of pheochromocytoma though the most common extra-adrenal site is in the superior para-aortic region between the diaphragm and lower renal poles.
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of the adrenal medulla composed of chromaffin cells and is part of the paraganglioma (PGL) family of tumors, being defined as an intra-adrenal PGL .
A sustentacular cell is a type of cell primarily associated with structural support, they can be found in various tissues. [ 1 ] Sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium (also called supporting cells or Sertoli cells ) have been shown to be involved in the phagocytosis of dead neurons, [ 2 ] odorant transformation [ 3 ] and xenobiotic ...
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine and nervous systems.They most commonly occur in the intestine, where they are often called carcinoid tumors, but they are also found in the pancreas, lung, and the rest of the body.