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In chemistry, an alkali (/ ˈ æ l k ə l aɪ /; from the Arabic word al-qāly, القلوي) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water.
Notable examples include alkali metals, lithium through caesium, and alkaline earth metals, magnesium through barium. Some water-reactive substances are also pyrophoric, like organometallics and sulfuric acid. The use of acid-resistant gloves and face shield is recommended for safe handling; fume hoods are another effective control of such ...
Alkali salts or base salts are salts that are the product of incomplete neutralization of a strong base and a weak acid.. Rather than being neutral (as some other salts), alkali salts are bases as their name suggests.
[100] [101] For example, MgCl 2 is named magnesium chloride, and Na 2 SO 4 is named sodium sulfate (SO 2− 4, sulfate, is an example of a polyatomic ion). To obtain the empirical formula from these names, the stoichiometry can be deduced from the charges on the ions, and the requirement of overall charge neutrality. [102]
For example, if sodium is the alkali metal: 2 Na + 2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2 Sodium hydroxide is an important industrial chemical, where it is produced by the chloralkali process .
For example, lithium forms a stable nitride, a property common among all the alkaline earth metals (magnesium's group) but unique among the alkali metals. [84] In addition, among their respective groups, only lithium and magnesium form organometallic compounds with significant covalent character (e.g. Li Me and MgMe 2 ).
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For example, a 40:7:53 mixture of NaNO 2: NaNO 3:KNO 3 melts at 142 °C and is stable to about 600 °C. [4] A minor use is for coloring the light emitted by fireworks: [5] lithium nitrate produces a red color, sodium nitrate produces a yellow/orange color, potassium nitrate and rubidium nitrate produce violet colors, caesium nitrate produces an ...