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A transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences (enhancer or promoter), either alone or with other proteins in a complex, to control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA by promoting (serving as an activator) or blocking (serving as a repressor) the recruitment of RNA polymerase.
3.1 Basal transcriptional regulation. ... Download as PDF; Printable version ... Upstream transcription factors are proteins that bind somewhere upstream of the ...
SL1 is a complex composed of TBP and at least three TBP-associated factors (TAFs). For basal levels of transcription, only SL1 and the initiation-competent form of Pol I (Pol Iβ), characterized by RRN3 binding, are required. [12] [13] For activated transcription levels, UBTF (UBF) is also required.
Transcription factor TF II A is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of DNA. [1] TF II A is one of several general (basal) transcription factors ( GTFs ) that are required for all transcription events that use RNA polymerase II.
Mammalian TFIIH basal transcription factor complex p62 subunit . Yeast RNA polymerase II transcription factor B 73 kDa subunit (TFB1), the homologue of BTF2. Yeast DOS2 protein, involved in single-copy DNA replication and ubiquitination. Drosophila synapse-associated protein SAP47. Mammalian SYAP1.
This cluster of RNA polymerase II and various transcription factors is known as the basal transcriptional complex (BTC). In this state, it only gives a low level of transcription. Other factors must stimulate the BTC to increase transcription levels. [2] One such example of a BTC stimulating region of DNA is the CAAT box.
This strategy of control is distinct from eukaryotic transcription, whose basal state is to be off and where co-factors required for transcription initiation are highly gene dependent. [ 8 ] Sigma factors are specialized bacterial proteins that bind to RNA polymerases and orchestrate transcription initiation.
TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation.