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  2. Reformation Papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation_Papacy

    The Papacy of St. Pius V (1566–1572) represented a strong effort not only to crack down against heretics and worldly abuses within the Church, but also to improve popular piety in a determined effort to stem the appeal of Protestantism. Pius V was trained in a solid and austere piety by the Dominicans.

  3. History of the papacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_papacy

    The Reformation (1517–1580) challenged the papacy, with figures like Martin Luther labeling it as the Antichrist and criticizing practices like indulgences. [34] In response, the Catholic Church launched the Counter-Reformation , led by Pope Paul III and the Council of Trent (1545–1563), which reaffirmed Catholic doctrines and initiated ...

  4. Reformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformation

    Neither could they exercise authority over non-resident clerics who had received their benefice from the papacy. [83] On the eve of the Reformation, the Fifth Council of the Lateran was the last occasion when efforts to introduce a far-reaching reform from above could have achieved but it was dissolved in 1517 without making decisions on the ...

  5. Pope Pius V - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Pius_V

    Under Paul IV, he rose to Grand Inquisitor, and from there ascended to the papacy. Upon election to the papacy as Pius V, Ghislieri immediately started to get rid of many of the extravagant luxuries then prevalent in the court. One of his first acts was to dismiss the papal court jester, and no subsequent pope had one. [20]

  6. Pope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope

    As part of the Catholic Reformation, Pope Paul III (1534–1549) initiated the Council of Trent (1545–1563), which established the triumph of the papacy over those who sought to reconcile with Protestants or oppose papal claims. Protestant Reformers criticized the papacy as corrupt and characterized the pope as the antichrist.

  7. Pope Paul III - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_III

    Throughout his papacy, Paul III elevated 71 cardinals in 12 consistories. Six of those whom he named, and later revealed publicly, were nominated " in pectore ". Among those he named were his three immediate successors: Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte (the future Pope Julius III), Marcello Cervini (the future Pope Marcellus II ), and Gian ...

  8. Pope Paul IV - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_IV

    With the Protestant Reformation, the papacy required all Roman Catholic rulers to consider Protestant rulers as heretics, thus making their realms illegitimate. At the time of Paul's election, Queen Mary I of England was two years into her reign, and was rolling back the English Reformation that had occurred under her half-brother Edward VI.

  9. Pope Gregory XIII - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XIII

    Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; Italian: Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), [b] born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585.