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Muscular evolution in humans is an overview of the muscular adaptations made by humans from their early ancestors to the modern man. Humans are believed to be predisposed to develop muscle density as early humans depended on muscle structures to hunt and survive.
To elicit muscle contraction, the muscle is stimulated by a series of electrical pulses delivered by an electrode to stimulate either the motor nerve or the muscle tissue itself. Simultaneously, a computer-controlled servo motor in the testing apparatus oscillates the muscle while measuring the force generated by the stimulated muscle.
The first muscle protein discovered was myosin by a German scientist Willy Kühne, who extracted and named it in 1864. [7] In 1939 a Russian husband and wife team Vladimir Alexandrovich Engelhardt and Militsa Nikolaevna Lyubimova discovered that myosin had an enzymatic (called ATPase) property that can break down ATP to release energy. [8]
Luigi Galvani (1761) provided the first scientific evidence that current can activate muscle. During the 19th and 20th centuries, researchers studied and documented the exact electrical properties that generate muscle movement. [25] [26] It was discovered that the body functions induced by electrical stimulation caused long-term changes in the ...
Reciprocal inhibition is a neuromuscular process in which muscles on one side of a joint relax to allow the contraction of muscles on the opposite side, enabling smooth and coordinated movement. [1] This concept, introduced by Charles Sherrington , a pioneering neuroscientist , is also referred to as reflexive antagonism in some allied health ...
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. [1] The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be
Musculoskeletal physiology is the branch of physiology which addresses the processes of musculoskeletal system. [1] In subclassifying musculoskeletal physiology, MeSH emphasizes the division between "phenomena" and "processes". It is also possible to emphasize the division between processes primarily affecting bone, and those primarily ...
Muscle & Nerve is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering neuromuscular medicine. It was founded in 1978 by Walter Bradley. [ 1 ] It is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine , of which it has been the official journal since 1982. [ 2 ]