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A hydric soil is defined by federal law [4] to mean "soil that, in its undrained condition, is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during a growing season to develop an anaerobic condition that supports the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation".
Soils in freshwater marshes are considered hydric; soils that are saturated during the growing season and have anaerobic, or no oxygen, conditions due to the saturation. [12] The soils in freshwater marshes have high organic matter due to slow decomposition rates and are often black or brown.
The rows formed slow surface water run-off during rainstorms to prevent soil erosion and allow the water time to infiltrate into the soil. Soil conservation is the prevention of loss of the topmost layer of the soil from erosion or prevention of reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil ...
Obligate anaerobes are found in oxygen-free environments such as the intestinal tracts of animals, the deep ocean, still waters, landfills, in deep sediments of soil. [9] Examples of obligately anaerobic bacterial genera include Actinomyces , Bacteroides , Clostridium , Fusobacterium , Peptostreptococcus , Porphyromonas , Prevotella ...
Soil moisture is another important factor influencing soil respiration. Soil respiration is low in dry conditions and increases to a maximum at intermediate moisture levels until it begins to decrease when moisture content excludes oxygen. This allows anaerobic conditions to prevail and depress aerobic microbial activity.
Fully water-saturated wetland soils allow anaerobic conditions to manifest, storing carbon but releasing methane. [48] Wetlands make up about 5-8% of Earth's terrestrial land surface but contain about 20-30% of the planet's 2500 Gt soil carbon stores. [49] Peatlands contain the highest amounts of soil organic carbon of all wetland types. [50]
Soil pH and texture are both factors that can moderate denitrification, with higher pH levels driving the reaction more to completion. [22] Nutrient composition, particularly the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, is a strong contributor to complete denitrification, [ 23 ] with a 2:1 ratio of C:N being able to facilitate full nitrate reduction ...
Soil microbial communities experience shifts in the diversity and composition during dehydration and rehydration cycles. [5] Soil moisture affects carbon cycling a phenomenon known as Birch effect. [6] [7] Temperature variations in soil are influenced by factors such as seasonality, environmental conditions, vegetation, and soil composition.