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The Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) is an independent tribunal which adjudicates labour disputes in South Africa. It was established in November 1996 in terms of Section 112 of the Labour Relations Act, 1995 , which in turn implements the labour rights provided for in section 23 of the Constitution of South Africa .
Kylie v CCMA; Court: Labour Appeal Court of South Africa: Full case name: Kylie v Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration and Others : Decided: 26 May 2010: Docket nos. CA 10/08: Citations [2010] ZALAC 8; 2010 (4) SA 383 (LAC); 2010 (10) BCLR 1029 (LAC); (2010) 31 ILJ 1600 (LAC); [2010] 7 BLLR 705 (LAC) Case history; Prior actions
1995 also saw the introduction of the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) which is an administrative tribunal. The Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration endeavours first and foremost to conciliate between the parties. If it is unsuccessful in this, the matter moves on to arbitration.
Methods of dispute resolution include: lawsuits (litigation) (legislative) [5]; arbitration; collaborative law; mediation; conciliation; negotiation; facilitation; avoidance; One could theoretically include violence or even war as part of this spectrum, but dispute resolution practitioners do not usually do so; violence rarely ends disputes effectively, and indeed, often only escalates them.
The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration [1] is a model law prepared and adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on 21 June 1985. In 2006, it was amended and now includes more detailed provisions on interim measures.
In their Commercial Division Update, Thomas J. Hall and Judith A. Archer discuss recent cases which show the Commercial Division recognizes that circumstances may require binding nonsignatories to ...
ad hoc arbitration proceedings are those in which the arbitrators are appointed by the parties without a supervising institution, relying instead on the rules that have been agreed upon by the parties and/or procedural law and courts of the place of arbitration to resolve any differences over the appointment, replacement, or authority of any or ...
Disputes between consumers and businesses that are arbitrated are resolved by an independent neutral arbitrator rather than in court. Although parties can agree to arbitrate a particular dispute after it arises or may agree that the award is non-binding, most consumer arbitrations occur pursuant to a pre-dispute arbitration clause where the arbitrator's award is binding.