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Brimonidine is an α 2 agonist medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea. [4] [5] In rosacea it improves the redness. [5] It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin. [4] [5] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication brimonidine/timolol along with timolol maleate. [6]
Brinzolamide works by blocking an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase, which produces bicarbonate needed for the production of the aqueous humour, while brimonidine tartrate blocks another enzyme known as adenylate cyclase, which is also involved in the production of the aqueous humour. [4]
Brimonidine/timolol, sold under the brand name Combigan among others, is a fixed-dose combination medication eye drop used for the treatment of glaucoma. [1] It is a combination of brimonidine (an α 2 adrenergic agonist ) and timolol (a β adrenergic blocker ).
Eye drops used in managing glaucoma help the eye's fluid to drain better and decrease the amount of fluid made by the eye which decreases eye pressure. They are classified by their active ingredient and they include: prostaglandin analogs , beta blockers , alpha agonists, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors .
While definitive sites of metabolism have not been firmly established, there are several metabolites worthy of note. N-Desethylbrinzolamide is an active metabolite of the parent compound, and thus exhibits carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity (largely carbonic anhydrase-I, when in the presence of Brinzolamide) and also accumulates in the erythrocytes.
Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. [3] It is used as an eye drop. [3] Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hours. [3] It is also available as the combination dorzolamide/timolol. [3] [4]
Artificial tears are lubricating eye drops used to relieve dryness and irritation of the ocular surface. [1] Dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common ocular surface disorder and is characterized by disruption of the tear film and increased inflammation. [2]
Dorzolamide/timolol, sold under the brand name Cosopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. [3] [5] [6] It is a combination of dorzolamide hydrochloride and timolol maleate. [3] It may be used when a beta blocker, like timolol, is not sufficient alone. [7] It is used as an eye drop. [3]