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The Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group estimate that under nutrition, "including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding—is a cause of 3.1 million child deaths and infant mortality, or 45% of all child deaths in 2011".
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
As of 2014, early postpartum SSC is endorsed by all major organisations that are responsible for the well-being of infants, including the American Academy of Pediatrics. [18] The World Health Organization (WHO) states that "the process of childbirth is not finished until the baby has safely transferred from placental to mammary nutrition." It ...
The term pediatrics was first introduced in English in 1859 by Abraham Jacobi. In 1860, he became "the first dedicated professor of pediatrics in the world." [20] Jacobi is known as the father of American pediatrics because of his many contributions to the field. [21] [22] He received his medical training in Germany and later practiced in New ...
Norovirus is the leading cause of gastroenteritis among adults in America accounting for about 90% of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks. [18] These localized epidemics typically occur when groups of people spend time proximate to each other, such as on cruise ships , [ 18 ] in hospitals, or in restaurants. [ 1 ]
Constipation is a bowel dysfunction that makes bowel movements infrequent or hard to pass. [2] The stool is often hard and dry. [4] Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. [3]
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is the largest professional association of pediatricians in the United States. [1] It is headquartered in Itasca, Illinois, and maintains an office in Washington, D.C. [2] The AAP has published hundreds of policy statements, ranging from advocacy issues to practice recommendations.