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AWS is a system based on trains detecting magnetic fields. These magnetic fields are created by permanent magnets and electromagnets installed on the track. The polarity and sequence of magnetic fields detected by a train determine the type of indication given to the train driver. A magnet, known as an AWS magnet is installed on the track ...
TPWS was developed by British Rail and its successor Railtrack, following a determination in 1994 that British Rail's Automatic Train Protection system was not economical, costing £600,000,000 equivalent to £979,431,929 in 2019 to implement, compared to value in lives saved: £3-£4 million (4,897,160 - 6,529,546 in 2019), per life saved, which was estimated to be 2.9 per year.
A crocodile is a component of train protection systems used in France and Belgium.It works similarly to the Automatic Warning System (AWS) used in the United Kingdom.. The crocodile can provide two different pieces of information to the driver, according to the aspect of the corresponding signal:
In inductive system, data is transmitted magnetically between the track and locomotive by magnets mounted beside the rails and on the locomotive. [4]In the Integra-Signum system the trains are influenced only at given locations, for instance whenever a train ignores a red signal, the emergency brakes are applied and the locomotive's motors are shut down.
AWS, the British signalling system (induction based) TPWS, the warning system which supplements AWS; ETCS, the European Train Control System is a signalling and control system designed to replace the 14 incompatible safety systems currently used by European railways, especially on high-speed lines.
Magnetic contacts were the first contactless switching devices. They were known as "axle counting magnets". The iron wheel flanges triggered an actuation by interrupting a magnetic field. The first US patent for an axle counter, filed on 3 June 1960 by Ernst Hofstetter and Kurt Haas, [8] was for a device of this type. During this time ...
The first such systems were installed on an experimental basis in the 1910s in the United Kingdom, in the 1920s in the United States, and in the Netherlands in the 1940s. . Modern high-speed rail systems such as those in Japan, France, and Germany were all designed from the start to use in-cab signalling due to the impracticality of sighting wayside signals at the new higher train spee
Each output drives an individual function, such as a signal lamp or an AWS inductor. Certain outputs are capable of driving a flashing lamp directly. The inputs are used to send information back to the interlocking, such as indications determined by track circuit relays or points detection circuits, for example. Alstom SSI Modules