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A facial expression database is a collection of images or video clips with facial expressions of a range of emotions. Well-annotated ( emotion -tagged) media content of facial behavior is essential for training, testing, and validation of algorithms for the development of expression recognition systems .
At young ages, children know what the most common facial expressions look like (expressions of happiness or sadness), what they mean, and what kinds of situations typically elicit them. [12] Children develop these skills at very early stages in life and continue to improve facial recognition, discrimination, and imitation between the ages of 3 ...
According to Ekman (1992), each of these emotions have universally corresponding facial expressions as well. [ 13 ] In addition to the facial expressions that are said to accompany each emotion, there is also evidence to suggest that certain autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is associated with the three emotions of fear, anger, and disgust.
The basic emotion view brought Ekman to create the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and Facial Expression Awareness Compassion Emotions (FACE). FACS is a database of compiled facial expressions, wherein each facial movement is termed an action unit (AU). FACE explains how to become keen at observing emotion in the faces of others.
The universality hypothesis is the assumption that certain facial expressions and face-related acts or events are signals of specific emotions (happiness with laughter and smiling, sadness with tears, anger with a clenched jaw, fear with a grimace, or gurn, surprise with raised eyebrows and wide eyes along with a slight retraction of the ears ...
Affect displays are the verbal and non-verbal displays of affect (). [1] These displays can be through facial expressions, gestures and body language, volume and tone of voice, laughing, crying, etc. Affect displays can be altered or faked so one may appear one way, when they feel another (e.g., smiling when sad).
The emotions can be linked to facial expressions. In the 1990s, Ekman proposed an expanded list of basic emotions, including a range of positive and negative emotions that are not all encoded in facial muscles. [38]
People exhibit emotions in response to outside stimuli. Positive affective stimuli trigger feelings of pleasure such as happiness; negative affective stimuli trigger feelings of displeasure such as disgust and fear. [3] Emotional responses include but are not limited to facial expressions and neurophysiological activities.