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Oleo saccharum ("oil sugar") is a sugar-oil mixture produced by coating citrus or other oil-rich fruit rinds in an excess of sugar. The essential oils extracted into the sugar give a concentrated aromatic mixture rich in terpenes .
Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons , waxes , or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [ 1 ]
The texture of topical gels is less greasy as it contains a higher proportion of water compared with cream and ointment. [ 3 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 8 ] These gels have an excellent spreading property and cooling effect due to solvent evaporation, and also has a higher retention time on the skin.
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Topical formulations are used to combat a multitude of diseased states of the eye. These states may include bacterial infections, eye injury, glaucoma, and dry eye. [1] However, there are many challenges associated with topical delivery of drugs to the cornea of the eye.
A medical professional administering nose drops Instillation of eye drops. A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. [1]
An old bottle of AA Hyde Mentholatum Ointment. A.B.C. Liniment was used from approximately 1880 to 1935. [2] [3] It was named for its three primary ingredients: aconite, belladonna, and chloroform. [2] There were numerous examples of poisoning from the mixture, resulting in at least one death. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Tacrolimus 0.1% Ointment As an ointment , tacrolimus is used in the treatment of dermatitis (eczema), in particular atopic dermatitis , if topical corticosteroids and moisturisers fail in helping. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] It suppresses inflammation in a similar way to steroids , and is equally as effective as a mid-potency steroid.