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Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus (1992 [1]) is a book written by American author and relationship counselor John Gray.The book states that most common relationship problems between men and women are a result of fundamental psychological differences between the sexes, which the author exemplifies by means of its eponymous metaphor: that men and women are from distinct planets—men from ...
In 1974, The Psychology of Sex Differences was published. It said that men and women behave more similarly than had been previously supposed. They also proposed that children have much power over what gender role they grow into, whether by choosing which parent to imitate, or doing activities such as playing with action figures or dolls. [15]
The social-developmental hypothesis is one of the major arguments for the impact of nurture on emotional expression. The social-developmental theory explains gender differences in emotion expression through emphasizing "children's active role in their development of gendered behavior" through learning by watching adults or through interactions ...
[35] [36] Self-reported delinquent acts are also higher for men than women across many different actions. [37] Many professionals have offered explanations for this sex difference. Some differing explanations include men's evolutionary tendency toward risk and violent behavior, sex differences in activity, social support, and gender inequality.
A proposed evolutionary hypothesis is that men and women evolved different mental abilities to adapt to their different roles, including labor-based roles, in society. [51] For example, "ancestral women more often foraged for fruits, vegetables, and roots over large geographic regions."
Psychological sex differences are thought by some to reflect the interaction of genes, hormones, and social learning on brain development throughout the lifespan. A 2021 meta-synthesis led by Lise Eliot found that sex accounted for 1% of the brain's structure or laterality, finding large group-level differences only in total brain volume. [ 1 ]
The theory proposed by Goldberg is that social institutions that are characterised by male dominance may be explained by biological differences between men and women (sexual dimorphism), suggesting male dominance could be inevitable. Goldberg later refined articulation of the argument in Why Men Rule (1993). [1]
The Trivers–Willard hypothesis has been applied to resource differences among individuals in a society as well as to resource differences among societies.Investigations in humans pose a number of practical and methodological difficulties, [6] but while a 2007 review of previous research found that empirical evidence for the hypothesis was mixed, the author noted that it received greater ...