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The choice of antiarthritic medication is often determined by the nature of arthritis, the severity of symptoms as well as other factors, such as the tolerability of side effects. A dorsal view of the hand, revealed swelling of the finger joints, indicative of an underlying inflammatory process at the proximal interphalangeal joints
A wide variety of alkaloid and non-alkaloid compounds have been identified in various species of ephedra.Of the six ephedrine-type ingredients found in ephedra (at concentrations of 0.02-3.4%), the most common are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, [12] which are the sources of its stimulant and thermogenic effects. [3]
Ephedrine may decrease motion sickness, but it has mainly been used to decrease the sedating effects of other medications used for motion sickness. [21] [22] Ephedrine is also found to have quick and long-lasting responsiveness in congenital myasthenic syndrome in early childhood and also even in adults with a novel COLQ mutation. [23]
Mitragyna speciosa is a tropical evergreen tree of the Rubiaceae family (coffee family) native to Southeast Asia. [3] It is indigenous to Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Papua New Guinea, [4] where its leaves, known as kratom, have been used in herbal medicine since at least the 19th century. [5]
Etilefrine, sold under the brand name Effortil among others, is a sympathomimetic medication used as an antihypotensive agent to treat orthostatic hypotension. [1] It is usually used by mouth, but is also available as an injectable. [3] [4] Side effects of etilefrine include nausea, tremors, and palpitations, among others. [5]
In osteoarthritis, joint injection of glucocorticoids (such as hydrocortisone) leads to short term pain relief that may last between a few weeks and a few months. [5] Injections of hyaluronic acid have not produced improvement compared to placebo for knee arthritis, [6] [7] but did increase risk of further pain. [6]
The effects of theophylline/ephedrine as a performance-enhancing drug in exercise and sports have been studied. [20] [21] Use of theophylline/ephedrine combinations has led to disqualification of elite athletes due to ephedrine being banned in competitive sports. [22]
It contains the alkaloids ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are used as breathing aids (bronchodilators and decongestants). [60] Equisetum arvense: Horsetail: Dates back to ancient Roman and Greek medicine, when it was used to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, and treat tuberculosis and kidney problems. [61] Eriodictyon crassifolium ...