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In United States constitutional law, incorporation is the doctrine by which portions of the Bill of Rights have been made applicable to the states.When the Bill of Rights was ratified, the courts held that its protections extended only to the actions of the federal government and that the Bill of Rights did not place limitations on the authority of the state and local governments.
Incorporation is the formation of a new corporation. The corporation may be a business , a nonprofit organization , sports club , or a local government of a new city or town [ citation needed ] .
Empresa pública: ≈ Government-owned corporation; Sociedade de economia mista: ≈ Government-owned corporation; Associação em sentido estrito (sem finalidade lucrativa): ≈ nonprofit association; Organização não governamental: ≈ nonprofit association; Organização da sociedade civil de interesse público: ≈ nonprofit association
A corporation is a separate legal entity that issues shares (stake in the company) to owners and protects their personal liability A partnership is owned by its partners and is easier to establish ...
A combination of a state's corporation law, case law developed by the courts, and a corporation's own articles of incorporation and bylaws determine how power is shared. In general, the rules of a corporation's constitution can be written in whatever way its incorporators choose, or however it is subsequently amended, so long as they comply ...
Today, a corporation is formed, or incorporated, by registering with the state, province, or national government and regulated by the laws enacted by that government. Registration is the main prerequisite to the corporation's assumption of limited liability.
In the United States, most corporations are incorporated, or organized, under the laws of a particular state. The laws of the state of incorporation normally governs a corporation's internal operations, even if the corporation's operations take place outside that state. Corporate law differs from state to state.
However, given the restrictive nature of state corporation laws, many companies preferred to seek a special legislative act for incorporation to attain privileges or monopolies, even until the late nineteenth century. In 1819, the U.S. Supreme Court granted corporations rights they had not previously recognized in Trustees of Dartmouth College v.