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Smith v Lloyds TSB Group plc [2001] QB 541 was a decision of the Court of Appeal relating to the liability of a bank where it makes payment upon a fraudulently altered cheque. The case was a co-joined appeal from one High Court action (by Blofeld J , reported at [2000] 1 WLR 1225) and a County Court action (by Judge Hallgarten QC).
A substitute check or cheque, also called an image cash letter (ICL), clearing replacement document (CRD), [1] or image replacement document (IRD), [2] is a negotiable instrument used in electronic banking systems to represent a physical paper cheque (check).
A substitute check (also called an Image Replacement Document or IRD) [1] is a negotiable instrument that is a digital reproduction of an original paper check.As a negotiable payment instrument in the United States, a substitute check maintains the status of a "legal check" in lieu of the original paper check.
Scammers are using fake toll-collection texts to steal bank information, authorities warned. Avoid clicking suspicious links and report scams to protect your personal data.
The Cheque and Credit Clearing Company Limited (C&CCC) is a UK membership-based industry body whose 11 members are the UK clearing banks.The company has managed the cheque clearing system in England and Wales since 1985, in all of Great Britain since 1996 when it took over responsibility for managing the Scottish cheque clearing as well, and in the whole of the United Kingdom since the ...
Historically, bank cards have also served the purpose of a cheque guarantee card, a now almost defunct system to guarantee cheques at point of sale. The first bank cards were automated teller machine (ATM) cards issued by Barclays in London in 1967, [ 5 ] and by Chemical Bank in Long Island , New York , in 1969. [ 6 ]
From ancient history to the modern day, the clitoris has been discredited, dismissed and deleted -- and women's pleasure has often been left out of the conversation entirely. Now, an underground art movement led by artist Sophia Wallace is emerging across the globe to challenge the lies, question the myths and rewrite the rules around sex and the female body.
In October 2011, Lloyds TSB's credit rating was reduced by Moody's from Aa3 to A1. [35] The action was taken in the light of a shift in government policy to move risk from taxpayers to creditors by reducing the level of support offered to financial institutions. Lloyds TSB was the first Official Partner for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. [36]