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Perseverative cognition [1] [2] is a collective term in psychology for continuous thinking about negative events [3] in the past or in the future (e.g. worry, rumination and brooding, but also mind wandering about negative topics [4] [5]).
State rumination, which involves dwelling on the consequences and feelings associated with the failure. State rumination is more common in people who are pessimistic, neurotic, and who have negative attributional styles. [30] Action rumination, which consists of task-oriented thought processes focused on goal-achievement and correction of mistakes.
Whether the focus be on social psychology or cognitive psychology, there are many examples of dual process theories produced throughout the past. The following just show a glimpse into the variety that can be found. [citation needed] Peter Wason and Jonathan St B. T. Evans suggested dual process theory in 1974. [4]
Cognitive inertia is the tendency for a particular orientation in how an individual thinks about an issue, belief, or strategy to resist change. Clinical and neuroscientific literature often defines it as a lack of motivation to generate distinct cognitive processes needed to attend to a problem or issue.
Rumination may refer to: Rumination, the digestive process of ruminants. Rumination syndrome, a chronic condition characterized by effortless regurgitation of most meals following consumption; Deep thought or consideration Rumination (psychology), contemplation or reflection, which may become persistent and recurrent worrying or brooding
Suicidal ideation, or suicidal thoughts, is the thought process of having ideas or ruminations about the possibility of completing suicide. [1] It is not a diagnosis but is a symptom of some mental disorders, use of certain psychoactive drugs, and can also occur in response to adverse life circumstances without the presence of a mental disorder.
It is also thought to be a cause of memory inhibition, as shown by research using the think/no think paradigm. [4] Thought suppression is relevant to both mental and behavioral levels, possibly leading to ironic effects that are contrary to intention. Ironic process theory [5] is one cognitive model that can explain the paradoxical effect.
Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics, that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise, [5] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking. Both effects ...