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The caravel (Portuguese: caravela, IPA: [kɐɾɐˈvɛlɐ]) is a small sailing ship that may be rigged with just lateen sails, or with a combination of lateen and square sails. It was known for its agility and speed and its capacity for sailing windward ( beating ).
Boa Esperança is the name of a seaworthy replica of a caravel, on display as a museum in the port of Lagos in the Algarve.
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Square-rigged caravel or caravela de armada, of João Serrão (Livro das Armadas) in the 4th Portuguese India Armada (Gama, 1502). The square-rigged caravel (Portuguese: caravela redonda), was a sailing ship created by the Portuguese in the second half of the fifteenth century.
A typical caravel was fifty plus tons, twenty to thirty meters in length and six to eight meters in breadth, the lateen sails were rigged on two-thirds tall masts and occasionally no bowsprit. These adjustments made it possible to increase the speed and the crew, but at the expense of cargo space and war capabilities. [ 24 ]
Bérrio, also known as São Miguel: This caravel was named after its former owner. Only carrying lateen sails , it was the smallest and swiftest of the convoy with a tonnage of 50–90 t. Key people were: Nicolau Coelho , captain, Pedro Escobar pilot, and Álvaro de Braga, clerk.
This was an existing Iberian ship type, used for fishing, commerce and military purposes. Unlike other vessels of the time, the caravel had a sternpost-mounted rudder (as opposed to a side-mounted steering oar). It had a shallow draft, which was helpful in exploring unknown coastlines.