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As of 2017, [needs update] focal seizures are split into two main categories, focal onset aware, and focal onset impaired awareness. [5] What was previously termed a secondary generalised seizure is now termed a focal to bilateral seizure. [6] In focal onset aware seizures, a small part of one of the lobes may be affected and the person remains ...
A focal aware temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person remains aware of what occurs during the entire seizure; awareness may be retained even if impaired responsiveness occurs during the seizure. [10] A focal impaired awareness temporal lobe seizure occurs if a person becomes unaware during any part of the seizure. [10] Approximately 80% of ...
The classification distinguishes focal aware seizures from focal impaired awareness seizures. [1]: 524 Aware means aware of self and surroundings during the seizure, verified when a person can recall events having occurred during the seizure. [1]: 527 Impaired awareness occurs even if the recall of events is only partially impaired. [1]
Partial seizures occurring in the frontal lobes can occur in one of two different forms: either “focal aware”, the old term was simple partial seizures (that do not affect awareness or memory) “focal unaware” the old term was complex partial seizures (that affect awareness or memory either before, during or after a seizure). The ...
These unilateral seizure types (formerly known as simple partial seizure or a complex partial seizure and now referred to as focal aware seizure and focal impaired awareness seizure, respectively [5]) can then spread to both hemispheres of the brain and cause a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. This type of seizure has a specific term called ...
An expert consensus has defined Panayiotopoulos syndrome as "a benign age-related focal seizure disorder occurring in early and mid-childhood. It is characterized by seizures, often prolonged, with predominantly autonomic symptoms, and by an EEG [electroencephalogram] that shows shifting and/or multiple foci, often with occipital predominance." [2]
First line therapy for epilepsy involves treatment with anticonvulsive drugs, also called antiepileptic drugs– most patients will respond to trials of one or two different medications. [5] The goal of treatment is the elimination of seizures, since uncontrolled seizures carry significant risks, including injury and sudden unexpected death in ...
Topiramate, sold under the brand name Topamax among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy and prevent migraines. [9] It has also been used for alcohol dependence and essential tremor. [9] For epilepsy, this includes treatment for generalized or focal seizures. [10] It is taken orally (by mouth). [9]
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