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Daily time dilation (gain or loss if negative) in microseconds as a function of (circular) orbit radius r = rs/re, where rs is satellite orbit radius and re is the equatorial Earth radius, calculated using the Schwarzschild metric. At r ≈ 1.497 [Note 1] there is no time dilation. Here the effects of motion and reduced gravity cancel.
The Mathematical Theory of Relativity. Cambridge University Press. Einstein considered this the finest description of the theory of relativity in any language. [3] Charles Steinmetz (1923) Four Lectures on Relativity and Space; Ludwik Silberstein (1924) The Theory of Relativity, 2nd edition, enlarged @ Internet Archive
Current understanding of gravity is based on Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. [6] Formulated in 1915, general relativity explains gravity in terms of the geometry of space and time, or spacetime. It is formulated in the language of classical physics [7] that was developed by physicists such as Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.
The term "theory of relativity" was based on the expression "relative theory" (German: Relativtheorie) used in 1906 by Planck, who emphasized how the theory uses the principle of relativity. In the discussion section of the same paper, Alfred Bucherer used for the first time the expression "theory of relativity" ( German : Relativitätstheorie ).
Imaginary time is a mathematical representation of time that appears in some approaches to special relativity and quantum mechanics. It finds uses in certain cosmological theories. Mathematically, imaginary time is real time which has undergone a Wick rotation so that its coordinates are multiplied by the imaginary unit i .
Fig 1–3. In Newtonian physics for both observers the event at A is assigned to the same point in time. The black axes labelled x and ct on Fig 1-3 are the coordinate system of an observer, referred to as at rest, and who is positioned at x = 0. This observer's world line is identical with the ct time axis. Each parallel line to this axis ...
Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) found that the theory of special relativity could be best understood as a four-dimensional space, since known as the Minkowski spacetime. In physics, Minkowski space (or Minkowski spacetime) (/ m ɪ ŋ ˈ k ɔː f s k i,-ˈ k ɒ f-/ [1]) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation.
The theory of relativity does not have a concept of absolute time because there is a relativity of simultaneity. An event that is simultaneous with another event in one frame of reference may be in the past or future of that event in a different frame of reference, [ 6 ] : 59 which negates absolute simultaneity.