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G-CSF can also act on neuronal cells as a neurotrophic factor. Indeed, its receptor is expressed by neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The action of G-CSF in the central nervous system is to induce neurogenesis , to increase the neuroplasticity and to counteract apoptosis .
Most neurotrophic factors belong to one of three families: (1) neurotrophins, (2) glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor family ligands (GFLs), and (3) neuropoietic cytokines. [4] Each family has its own distinct cell signaling mechanisms , although the cellular responses elicited often do overlap.
Some drugs (e.g. otilimab) are being developed to block GM-CSF. [22] In critically ill patients GM-CSF has been trialled as a therapy for the immunosuppression of critical illness, and has shown promise restoring monocyte [23] and neutrophil [24] function, although the impact on patient outcomes is currently unclear and awaits larger studies.
The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor is present on precursor cells in the bone marrow, and, in response to stimulation by G-CSF, initiates cell proliferation and differentiation into mature neutrophilic granulocytes and macrophages. The G-CSF-R is a transmembrane receptor that consists of an extracellular ligand-binding portion, a ...
The name "colony-stimulating factors" comes from the method by which they were discovered. Hematopoietic stem cells were cultured (see cell culture) on a so-called semisolid matrix, which prevents cells from moving around, so that, if a single cell starts proliferating, all of the cells derived from it will remain clustered around the spot in the matrix where the first cell was originally located.
Filgrastim is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). [19] It works by stimulating the body to increase neutrophil production. [19] Filgrastim was approved for medical use in the United States in 1991. [19] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Pages in category "Neurotrophic factors" ... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; C. Cenegermin; Ciliary neurotrophic factor; E. Ephrin; G. GDNF family of ligands;
The G-CSF factor stem-loop destabilising element (SLDE) is an RNA element secreted by fibroblasts and endothelial cells in response to the inflammatory mediators interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and by activated macrophages. The synthesis of G-CSF is regulated both transcriptionally and through control of mRNA stability.
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