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Conditioned place preference (CPP) is a form of Pavlovian conditioning used to measure the motivational effects of objects or experiences. [1] This motivation comes from the pleasurable aspect of the experience, so that the brain can be reminded of the context that surrounded the "encounter". [ 2 ]
The observer design pattern is a behavioural pattern listed among the 23 well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns that address recurring design challenges in order to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, yielding objects that are easier to implement, change, test and reuse. [1] The observer pattern addresses the following ...
In computer programming jargon, a heisenbug is a software bug that seems to disappear or alter its behavior when one attempts to study it. [1] The term is a pun on the name of Werner Heisenberg, the physicist who first asserted the observer effect of quantum mechanics, which states that the act of observing a system inevitably alters its state.
Signals and slots is a language construct introduced in Qt [1] for communication between objects which makes it easy to implement the observer pattern while avoiding boilerplate code. The concept is that GUI widgets , and other objects, can send signals containing event information which can be received by other objects using special member ...
The following example is in the language Java, and shows how the contents of a tree of nodes (in this case describing the components of a car) can be printed. Instead of creating print methods for each node subclass ( Wheel , Engine , Body , and Car ), one visitor class ( CarElementPrintVisitor ) performs the required printing action.
For example, one could create a function that creates an infinite list (often called a stream) of Fibonacci numbers. The calculation of the n -th Fibonacci number would be merely the extraction of that element from the infinite list, forcing the evaluation of only the first n members of the list.
Ideal observer analysis is a method for investigating how information is processed in a perceptual system. [1] [2] [3] It is also a basic principle that guides modern research in perception. [4] [5] The ideal observer is a theoretical system that performs a specific task in an optimal way. If there is uncertainty in the task, then perfect ...
Elementary comparison testing (ECT) is a white-box, control-flow, test-design methodology used in software development. [1] [2] The purpose of ECT is to enable detailed testing of complex software.