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The spectrum of light emitted from a fluorescent lamp is the combination of light directly emitted by the mercury vapor, and light emitted by the phosphorescent coating. The spectral lines from the mercury emission and the phosphorescence effect give a combined spectral distribution of light that is different from those produced by incandescent ...
Cross section of a typical fluorescent lamp with and without a reflector. Some lamps have an internal opaque reflector. Coverage of the reflector ranges from 120° to 310° of the lamp's circumference. Reflector lamps are used when light is only desired to be emitted in a single direction, or when an application requires the maximum amount of ...
For a given size of light source, a larger reflector or lens allows a tighter beam to be produced, while capturing the same fraction of the emitted light. Some flashlights use Fresnel lenses, which allow the weight of the lens to be reduced. The reflector may have a flat transparent cover to keep out dirt and moisture, but some designs have a ...
American artist Dan Flavin (April 1, 1933 – November 29, 1996) was best known for creating minimalist sculptural objects and installations from commercially available fluorescent light fixtures. He created hundred of individual works and installations throughout his career, including editioned sculptures, permanent installations, and site ...
A flat lens is a lens whose flat shape allows it to provide distortion-free imaging, potentially with arbitrarily-large apertures. [1] The term is also used to refer to other lenses that provide a negative index of refraction. [2] Flat lenses require a refractive index close to −1 over a broad angular range.
Circular and U-shaped lamps were devised to reduce the length of fluorescent light fixtures. The first fluorescent light bulb and fixture were displayed to the general public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The spiral CFL was invented in 1976 by Edward E. Hammer, an engineer with General Electric, [7] in response to the 1973 oil crisis. [8]
The 3M company developed a system based on optical lighting film [36] and developed the 3M light pipe, [37] which is a light guide designed to distribute light uniformly over its length, with a thin film incorporating microscopic prisms, [26] which has been marketed in connection with artificial light sources, e.g. sulfur lamps.
Optical flats in case. About 2.5 centimetres (1 in) in diameter. The third flat from the left is standing on edge, showing the thickness. A λ/20 optical flat that has been coated with aluminum, making a first-surface mirror Two optical flats tested using 589 nm laser-light. At 2 inches (5.1 cm) in diameter and 0.5 inches (13 mm) thick, both ...
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