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Caves were used for refuge throughout history in the region. Up the southern slope of the Masada cliff, the almost inaccessible Yoram Cave, whose only opening is located some 4 metres (13 ft) above an exposed access path and 100 metres (330 ft) below the plateau, has been found to contain 6,000-year-old barley seeds.
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Gudiyam Caves are rock shelters in South India and known for prehistoric stone tools and culture. They were first identified by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote . This ancient site is situated in the Thiruvallur district near the Poondi reservoir , 60 km (37.3 mi) from Chennai , Tamil Nadu .
Tamil inscriptions in caves, Mangulam, Madurai district, Tamil Nadu, 3rd century BCE. [13] [14] [15] There are five caves in the hill of which six inscriptions are found in four caves. [16] The inscriptions mentions that workers of Nedunchezhiyan I, a Pandyan king of Sangam period, (c. 270 BCE) made stone beds for Jain monks. It further details ...
Tirumalai (lit. "the holy mountain"; also later Arhasugiri, lit. "the excellent mountain of the Arha[t]"; Tamil Engunavirai-Tirumalai, lit. "the holy mountain of the Arhar" is a Jain temple and cave complex dating from at least the 9th century CE that is located northwest of Polur in Tamil Nadu, southeast India. [1]
Thirupparankundram Rock-cut Cave and Inscription, also known as Umai Andar or Umaiyandar temple, [1] is a rock cut cave temple with inscriptions at the foot of the Thirupparankundram rock hill's south face. It is located in the town of Thirupparankundram, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Madurai city, Tamil Nadu, India. [2]
By far, the most important source of ancient Tamil history is the corpus of Tamil poems, referred to as Sangam literature, generally dated from the last centuries of the pre-Christian era to the early centuries of the Christian era. [2] [3] [4] It consists of 2,381 known poems, with a total of over 50,000 lines, written by 473 poets.
Mangulam inscriptions were discovered by Robert Sewell in the caves of the hill in 1882. [6] This was the earliest finding of such kind of inscriptions. In 1906, Indian epigraphist V. Venkayya tried to read the inscriptions and found that it similar to the Brahmi script in Ashokan edicts, he thought that the inscriptions were in Pali language.