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Galactose (/ ɡ ə ˈ l æ k t oʊ s /, galacto-+ -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. [2] It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. [3] A galactose molecule linked with a glucose molecule forms a lactose molecule.
GALT catalyzes the second reaction of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism through ping pong bi-bi kinetics with a double displacement mechanism. [6] This means that the net reaction consists of two reactants and two products (see the reaction above) and it proceeds by the following mechanism: the enzyme reacts with one substrate to generate one product and a modified enzyme, which goes ...
Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. It is thus important in human development.
Structure of ceramide, galactosylceramide and glucosylceramide. Galactose or glucose sugars can be attached to a hydroxyl group of ceramide lipids in a different form of O-glycosylation, as it does not occur on proteins. [6] This forms glycosphingolipids, which are important for the localisation of receptors in membranes. [8]
Growth hormone 2 (GH2), also known more commonly as placental growth hormone (PGH) or growth hormone variant (GH-V), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GH2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is produced by and secreted from the placenta during pregnancy , and becomes the predominant form of growth hormone (GH) in the body during this time.
Growth hormone treatment is a safe and effective therapy that’s often used to treat children and adults with a deficiency in human growth hormone (also known as HGH or somatropin).
After a time, certain colonies began to grow. However, the EbgA protein is an ineffective lactase and does not allow growth on lactose. Two classes of single point mutations dramatically improve the activity of ebg enzyme toward lactose. [24] [25] and, as a result, the mutant enzyme is able to replace the lacZ β-galactosidase. [26]
This gene encodes a protein that is a transmembrane receptor for growth hormone. [10] [11] Binding of growth hormone to the receptor leads to reorientation of a pre-assembled receptor dimer dimerization (the receptor may however also exist as monomers on the cell surface [12]) and the activation of an intra- and intercellular signal transduction pathway leading to growth. [13]