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Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. [1] Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
In November 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an experimental H5N1 bird flu vaccine to be held in stockpiles. [22] [23] In a clinical trial including 3,400 adults, 91% of people age 18–64 and 74% of people age 65 or older formed an immune response sufficient to provide protection. Reported adverse effects were ...
In Russia and China a drug called arbidol is also used as a treatment. Testing of the drug has predominantly occurred in these countries and, although no clinical trials have been published demonstrating this is an effective drug, some data suggest that this could be a useful treatment for influenza. [5] [6]
Fluzone is typically administered in a single dose by intramuscular injection; [20] an intradermal injection is also available. [21] It is presented as a 0.25 ml syringe for pediatric use, as a 0.5 ml syringe for adults and children, as a 0.5 ml vial for adults and children, and as a 5 ml vial for adults and children. [20]
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu"). It is enzootic (maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also panzootic (affecting animals of many species over a wide area). [ 1 ]
H5 N2 is a subtype of the species Influenzavirus A (avian influenza virus or bird flu virus). The subtype infects a wide variety of birds, including chickens, ducks, turkeys, falcons, and ostriches. Affected birds usually do not appear ill, and the disease is often mild as avian influenza viral subtypes go.
Orthomyxoviridae (from Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós) 'straight' and μύξα (mýxa) 'mucus') [1] is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses.It includes seven genera: Alphainfluenzavirus, Betainfluenzavirus, Gammainfluenzavirus, Deltainfluenzavirus, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and Quaranjavirus.
Neuraminidase inhibitors are a class of drugs that includes zanamivir and oseltamivir, the latter being licensed for prophylaxis treatment in the United Kingdom. Oseltamivir inhibits the influenza virus from spreading inside the user's body. [36] It is marketed by Roche as Tamiflu. This drug has become a focus for some governments and ...