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The equal sign refers to a reversible process, which is an imagined idealized theoretical limit, never actually occurring in physical reality, with essentially equal temperatures of system and surroundings. [10] [11] For an isentropic process, if also reversible, there is no transfer of energy as heat because the process is adiabatic; δQ = 0 ...
In complex geometry, a line through the origin in the direction of an isotropic vector is an isotropic line. Isotropic coordinates Isotropic coordinates are coordinates on an isotropic chart for Lorentzian manifolds. Isotropy group An isotropy group is the group of isomorphisms from any object to itself in a groupoid.
In probability theory, an isotropic measure is any mathematical measure that is invariant under linear isometries. It is a standard simplification and assumption used in probability theory. It is a standard simplification and assumption used in probability theory.
If the process depends only on | ′ |, the Euclidean distance (not the direction) between and ′, then the process is considered isotropic. A process that is concurrently stationary and isotropic is considered to be homogeneous; [8] in practice these properties reflect the differences (or rather the lack of them) in the behaviour of the ...
Etching is a critically important process module in fabrication, and every wafer undergoes many etching steps before it is complete. For many etch steps, part of the wafer is protected from the etchant by a "masking" material which resists etching. In some cases, the masking material is a photoresist which has been patterned using photolithography.
4) Graphitization is the process of treating the fibers at high temperatures in order to improve the alignment and orientation of the crystalline regions along the fiber direction [1,8]. Having the crystalline regions aligned, stacked, and oriented along the fiber direction increases the overall strength of the carbon fiber.
Isotropic formulations are thermodynamically stable microemulsions possessing lyotropic liquid crystal properties. [1] They inhabit a state of matter and physical behaviour somewhere between conventional liquids and that of solid crystals . [ 2 ]
Homogeneous isotropic linear elastic materials have their elastic properties uniquely determined by any two moduli among these; thus, given any two, any other of the elastic moduli can be calculated according to these formulas, provided both for 3D materials (first part of the table) and for 2D materials (second part). 3D formulae