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  2. Hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_functions

    A ray through the unit hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = 1 at the point (cosh a, sinh a), where a is twice the area between the ray, the hyperbola, and the x-axis. For points on the hyperbola below the x-axis, the area is considered negative (see animated version with comparison with the trigonometric (circular) functions).

  3. Hyperbolic angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_angle

    The curve represents xy = 1. A hyperbolic angle has magnitude equal to the area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector, which is in standard position if a = 1. In geometry, hyperbolic angle is a real number determined by the area of the corresponding hyperbolic sector of xy = 1 in Quadrant I of the Cartesian plane.

  4. Oblate spheroidal coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblate_spheroidal_coordinates

    For positive ν, the half-hyperboloid is above the x-y plane (i.e., has positive z) whereas for negative ν, the half-hyperboloid is below the x-y plane (i.e., has negative z). Geometrically, the angle ν corresponds to the angle of the asymptotes of the hyperbola. The foci of all the hyperbolae are likewise located on the x-axis at ±a.

  5. Hyperbola - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbola

    Then the area of the hyperbolic sector is the area of the triangle minus the curved region past the vertex at (,): = = (⁡ (+)), which simplifies to the area hyperbolic cosine = ⁡ = ⁡ (+). Solving for x {\displaystyle x} yields the exponential form of the hyperbolic cosine: x = cosh ⁡ a = e a + e − a 2 . {\displaystyle x=\cosh a={\frac ...

  6. Prolate spheroidal coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolate_spheroidal_coordinates

    The black sphere represents the intersection point of the three surfaces, which has Cartesian coordinates of roughly (0.831, −1.439, 2.182). Prolate spheroidal coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional elliptic coordinate system about the focal axis of the ellipse, i.e ...

  7. Spherical trigonometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_trigonometry

    The sphere's radius is taken as unity. For specific practical problems on a sphere of radius R the measured lengths of the sides must be divided by R before using the identities given below. Likewise, after a calculation on the unit sphere the sides a, b, and c must be multiplied by R.

  8. Gudermannian function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudermannian_function

    If twice the area of the blue hyperbolic sector is ψ, then twice the area of the red circular sector is ϕ = gd ψ. Twice the area of the purple triangle is the stereographic projection s = tan ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ ϕ = tanh ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ ψ. The blue point has coordinates (cosh ψ, sinh ψ). The red point has coordinates (cos ϕ, sin ϕ).

  9. Inverse hyperbolic functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_hyperbolic_functions

    For all inverse hyperbolic functions, the principal value may be defined in terms of principal values of the square root and the logarithm function. However, in some cases, the formulas of § Definitions in terms of logarithms do not give a correct principal value, as giving a domain of definition which is too small and, in one case non-connected.