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Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe. [2] Christianity has been practiced in Europe since the first century, and a number of the Pauline Epistles were addressed to Christians living in Greece, as well as other parts of the Roman Empire.
The connection of Christianity to the Roman Empire was both a factor in encouraging conversion as well as, at times, a motive for persecuting Christians. [2] Until the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the Germanic tribes who had migrated there (with the exceptions of the Saxons, Franks, and Lombards, see below) had converted to Christianity. [3]
The 15th century marked the transition from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period in Western Christendom. It was dominated by the spread of the Italian Renaissance and its philosophy of Renaissance Humanism (gradually replacing medieval scholasticism) from its heartland in Northern and Central Italy across the whole of Western Europe.
1054 – Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Georgia, Alania, Bulgaria, Serbs, and Rus' are Orthodox Catholics with East-West Schism while Western Europe becomes Roman Catholic; 1096 – Maronites return from Monothelite to Catholic [14] [15] c. 1100 – Circassia (most of the country would remain pagan in spite of Georgian expansion into the region)
Christianity had a more subtle effect, reaching far beyond the converted population to potential modernizers. The introduction of European medicine was especially important, as well as the introduction of European political practices and ideals such as religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations ...
Christianity has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society.Throughout its long history, the Church has been a major source of social services like schooling and medical care; an inspiration for art, culture and philosophy; and an influential player in politics and religion.
Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years (2011) McLeod, Hugh. Religion and the People of Western Europe 1789–1989 (Oxford UP, 1997) McLeod, Hugh. Piety and Poverty: Working Class Religion in Berlin, London and New York (1996) McLeod, Hugh and Werner Ustorf, eds. The Decline of Christendom in Western Europe, 1750–2000 (Cambridge UP, 2004 ...
In Western Europe, on the other hand, the idea of a universal church linked to the Emperor of Constantinople was replaced by that in which the Roman see was supreme. [e] "Membership in a universal church replaced citizenship in a universal empire. Across Europe, from Italy to Ireland, a new society centered on Christianity was forming." [91]