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A wildlife sanctuary in India is defined as a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, or features of geological or other interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide opportunities for study or research. The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 provides for the establishment of protected areas in India. [1]
Conservation Reserves are the legally protected areas which act as a buffer zone or connectors or migratory corridors between two ecologically separated wildlife habitats to avoid fragmentation. The wildlife conserves are declared by the state government in official gazette. [ 1 ]
Tiruppadaimarathur conservation reserve near Thirunelveli District of Tamil Nadu, declared in 2005, is the first Conservation Reserve in the country. [3] In 2012, Rajasthan government in India declared "Jawai Bandh forests" as a conservation reserve forest.
Conservation Areas in India refer to well-demarcated large geographical entities with an established conservation plan, and were part of a joint Indo-US project on "landscape management and protection". The project ran from 1996 to 2002.
In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger in 1973 to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species. As of January 2023, [update] India has 106 national parks covering 44,402.95 square kilometres (17,144.07 sq mi), roughly 1.35% of the total geographical area of the country.
National parks in India are International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) category II protected areas. India's first national park was established in 1936, now known as Jim Corbett National Park , in Uttarakhand .
Wildlife Institute of India webpage on India's Biosphere Reserves at archive.today (archived 9 May 2004) United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas: India (1993) at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 25 November 2001) Ministry of Environment and Forests
It is a national centre for information, education and research in ornithology and natural history in India. According to SACON, its mission is "To help conserve India’s biodiversity and its sustainable use through research, education and peoples' participation, with birds at the centre stage". Salim Ali (1890–1987) "The Birdman of India"