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Skilled users of the language can produce effects such as humor by varying the normal patterns of collocation. This approach is popular with poets, journalists and advertisers. Collocations may seem natural to native writers and speakers, but are not obvious to non-native speakers.
Collocations can be in a syntactic relation (such as verb–object: make and decision), lexical relation (such as antonymy), or they can be in no linguistically defined relation. Knowledge of collocations is vital for the competent use of a language: a grammatically correct sentence will stand out as awkward if collocational preferences are ...
A list of metaphors in the English language organised alphabetically by type. A metaphor is a literary figure of speech that uses an image, story or tangible thing to represent a less tangible thing or some intangible quality or idea; e.g., "Her eyes were glistening jewels".
However, the metaphor does not work in exactly the same way in each case, as seen in: (a') She gave him a kiss, and he still has it. (b') She gave him a headache, and he still has it. The invariance principle offers the hypothesis that metaphor only maps components of meaning from the source language that remain coherent in the target context.
Ubiquitous collocations like loud and clear and life or death are fixed expressions, making them a standard part of the vocabulary of native English speakers. Some English words have become obsolete in general but are still found in an irreversible binomial. For example, spick is a fossil word that never appears outside the phrase spick and ...
Some examples: replacing "the taxi driver" with the pronoun "he" or "two girls" with "they". Another example can be found in formulaic sequences such as "as stated previously" or "the aforementioned". Cataphoric reference is the opposite of anaphora: a reference forward as opposed to backward in the discourse. Something is introduced in the ...
Collocation extraction is the task of using a computer to extract collocations automatically from a corpus.. The traditional method of performing collocation extraction is to find a formula based on the statistical quantities of those words to calculate a score associated to every word pairs.
("Storage" and "files" are good examples of how human memory and computer memory have been linked to the same vocabulary; this was not always the case). George Lakoff's work is usually cited as the cornerstone to studies of metaphor in the language. [7] One example is quite common: "time is money". We can save, spend and waste both time and money.