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The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between the First French Republic and the Holy See, signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII on 15 July 1801 in Paris. [1] It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace–Lorraine, where it remains in force.
In pink, territories left to France in 1814 but removed after the Treaty of Paris of 1815. A map of the Eastern boundary of France to illustrate the Second Peace of Paris 20th Nov. 1815 Southeast frontier of France after the Treaty of Paris, 1815. The 1815 peace treaties were drawn up entirely in French, the lingua franca of contemporary diplomacy.
Eastern boundary of France as defined in Article III of the First Peace Treaty of Paris (30th May 1814) Southeast frontier of France after the Treaty of Paris (1814) The allies had agreed to reduce France to her 1792 borders and restore the independence of her neighbors after Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat. [2]
The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII that reaffirmed the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and restored some of its civil status. While the Concordat restored some ties to the papacy, it largely favoured the interests of the French state; the balance of church-state relations ...
When the Allies invaded France in late 1813, Napoleon was heavily outnumbered and tried to reopen peace negotiations on the basis of accepting the Frankfurt proposals. [9] The Allies now had new, harsher terms that included the retreat of France to its 1791 boundaries, which meant the loss of Belgium and the Rhineland. [ 10 ]
France produced the second-largest total of armaments, equipping its own huge forces as well as those of the Confederation of the Rhine and other allies. [154] Napoleon showed innovative tendencies in his use of mobility to offset numerical disadvantages, as demonstrated in the rout of the Austro–Russian forces in 1805 in the Battle of ...
Napoleon's St. Cloud Decree in July 1810 opened the southwest of France and the Spanish frontier to limited British trade, and reopened French trade to the United States. It was an admission that his blockade had hurt his own economy more than the British.
Napoleon signs his abdication at Fontainebleau, 11 April 1814, by François Bouchot and Gaetano Ferri (1843). The Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement concluded in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Russia and Prussia.