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The Renaissance of the 12th century was a period of many changes at the outset of the High Middle Ages. It included social , political and economic transformations, and an intellectual revitalization of Western Europe with strong philosophical and scientific roots.
Jean-Jacques Ampère was the first writer to speak of a medieval renaissance. The term 'renaissance' was first used as a name for a period in medieval history in the 1830s, with the birth of medieval studies. It was coined by Jean-Jacques Ampère. Charles H. Haskins published The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century in 1927
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The Renaissance has a long and complex historiography, and in line with general skepticism of discrete periodizations, there has been much debate among historians reacting to the 19th-century glorification of the "Renaissance" and individual cultural heroes as "Renaissance men", questioning the usefulness of Renaissance as a term and as a ...
The Renaissance Society of America (RSA) is a nonprofit academic membership association founded in 1954 to promote study of the world during the Renaissance period, 1300–1700. It is a member of the American Council of Learned Societies. The RSA brings together scholars from many backgrounds in a wide variety of fields of scholarly inquiry.
The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance ).
Leonardo da Vinci – Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal.
The Trecento is considered to be the beginning of the Italian Renaissance or at least the Proto-Renaissance in art history. Painters of the Trecento included Giotto di Bondone, as well as painters of the Sienese School, which became the most important in Italy during the century, including Duccio di Buoninsegna, Simone Martini, Lippo Memmi, Ambrogio Lorenzetti and his brother Pietro.