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For a graph G, let χ(G) denote the chromatic number and Δ(G) the maximum degree of G.The list coloring number ch(G) satisfies the following properties.. ch(G) ≥ χ(G).A k-list-colorable graph must in particular have a list coloring when every vertex is assigned the same list of k colors, which corresponds to a usual k-coloring.
The degree sequence of a bipartite graph is the pair of lists each containing the degrees of the two parts and . For example, the complete bipartite graph K 3,5 has degree sequence (,,), (,,,,). Isomorphic bipartite graphs have the same degree sequence. However, the degree sequence does not, in general, uniquely identify a bipartite graph; in ...
Graph coloring enjoys many practical applications as well as theoretical challenges. Beside the classical types of problems, different limitations can also be set on the graph, or on the way a color is assigned, or even on the color itself. It has even reached popularity with the general public in the form of the popular number puzzle Sudoku ...
For instance, the drawing of the utility graph K 3,3 as the edges and long diagonals of a regular hexagon represents a 3-edge-coloring of the graph in this way. As Richter shows, a 3-regular simple bipartite graph, with a given Tait coloring, has a drawing of this type that represents the given coloring if and only if the graph is 3-edge-connected.
A complete bipartite graph K m,n has a maximum matching of size min{m,n}. A complete bipartite graph K n,n has a proper n-edge-coloring corresponding to a Latin square. [14] Every complete bipartite graph is a modular graph: every triple of vertices has a median that belongs to shortest paths between each pair of vertices. [15]
An equitable coloring of the star K 1,5.. The star K 1,5 - a single central vertex connected to five others - is a complete bipartite graph, and therefore may be colored with two colors.
They proved () for bipartite graphs. [13] In case of regular bipartite graphs equality holds. Subcubic bipartite graphs admit an interval incidence coloring using four, five or six colors. They have also proved incidence 5-colorability can be decided in linear time for bipartite graphs with ∆(G) = 4.
When Δ = 2, the graph G must be a disjoint union of paths and cycles. If all cycles are even, they can be 2-edge-colored by alternating the two colors around each cycle. However, if there exists at least one odd cycle, then no 2-edge-coloring is possible. That is, a graph with Δ = 2 is of class one if and only if it is bipartite.
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