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The ligament pulls on nerve fibers and sensitive structures of the female reproductive system. Since the uterus tends to be oriented towards the right side of the body, the pain is also often felt on the right side. This leads to frequent confusion with appendicitis. [6] During pregnancy, the uterus expands to accommodate the growing fetus.
Most women, at some time in their lives, experience pelvic pain. As girls enter puberty, pelvic or abdominal pain becomes a frequent complaint. Chronic pelvic pain is a common condition with rate of dysmenorrhoea between 16.8 and 81%, dyspareunia between 8-21.8%, and noncyclical pain between 2.1 and 24%.
Estimates of the percentage of female adolescents and women of reproductive age affected are between 50% and 90%. [4] [6] It is the most common menstrual disorder. [2] Typically, it starts within a year of the first menstrual period. [1] When there is no underlying cause, often the pain improves with age or following having a child. [2]
Endometriosis is a disease in which cells like those in the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grow outside the uterus. [8] [9] It occurs in humans and a limited number of menstruating mammals.
Dyspareunia (/ d ɪ s p ə r ˈ u n i ə / dis-pər-OO-nee-ə) is painful sexual intercourse due to somatic or psychological causes. [1] The term dyspareunia covers both female dyspareunia and male dyspareunia, but many discussions that use the term without further specification concern the female type, which is more common than the male type.
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The relationship between depression and period pain may be partly genetically driven, a new study suggests. (Carol Yepes/Moment RF/Getty Images)
Black women have a 3–9 times increased chance of developing uterine fibroids than white women. [15] Only a few specific genes or cytogenetic deviations are associated with fibroids. 80–85% of fibroids have a mutation in the mediator complex subunit 12 ( MED12 ) gene.