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Linux also features iwspy, to read the signal, noise and quality of a wireless connection. Other related tools for configuring Ethernet adapters are: ethtool, mii-tool, and mii-diag in Linux and the command dladm show-link in Solaris. The ip suite has a similar purpose and is meant to replace the deprecated ifconfig. [6]
mask Netmask: The netmask (subnet mask) associated with the network destination; Gateway: The forwarding or next hop IP address over which the set of addresses defined by the network destination and subnet mask are reachable; metric Metric: Integer cost metric (ranging from 1 to 9999) for the route
Some large / 8 blocks of IPv4 addresses, the former Class A network blocks, are assigned in whole to single organizations or related groups of organizations, either by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), through the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), or a regional Internet registry.
network identifier: The destination subnet and netmask; metric: The routing metric of the path through which the packet is to be sent. The route will go in the direction of the gateway with the lowest metric. next hop: The next hop, or gateway, is the address of the next station to which the packet is to be sent on the way to its final destination
In routers, packets arriving at an interface are examined for source and destination addressing and queued to the appropriate outgoing interface according to their destination address and a set of rules and performance metrics. Rules are encoded in a routing table that contains entries for all interfaces and their connected networks.
In computer networking, the default route is a configuration of the Internet Protocol (IP) that establishes a forwarding rule for packets when no specific address of a next-hop host is available from the routing table or other routing mechanisms.
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For IPv4, a network may also be characterized by its subnet mask or netmask, which is the bitmask that, when applied by a bitwise AND operation to any IP address in the network, yields the routing prefix.