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Cyanobacteria often live in colonial aggregates that can take a multitude of forms. [3] Of particular interest among the many species of cyanobacteria are those that live colonially in elongate hair-like structures, known as trichomes. These filamentous species can contain hundreds to thousands of cells. [3]
The trichomes of cyanobacteria may be unsheathed, as in Oscillatoria, or sheathed, as in Calothrix. [1] These structures play an important role in preventing soil erosion, particularly in cold desert climates. [citation needed] The filamentous sheaths form a persistent sticky network that helps maintain soil structure.
Cyanobacteria cultured in specific media: Cyanobacteria can be helpful in agriculture as they have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soil. The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was the third prokaryote and first photosynthetic organism whose genome was completely sequenced . [ 240 ]
Nostoc commune. Nostoc commune is found in many countries around the world. It is able to survive in extreme conditions in polar regions and arid areas. It is a terrestrial or freshwater species and forms loose clumps on soil, gravel and paved surfaces, among mosses and between cobbles. [1]
A microscopic crack-like nick is found on the trichomes. [2] Notches on individual cells were found at the inner side of the cell corresponding the slit on the trichome. When the cells are stacked one above the other, it results in the crack like structure. Tthe number of notches in a single cell equals the number of slits on the trichome.
Nostoc, also known as star jelly, troll's butter, spit of moon, fallen star, witch's butter (not to be confused with the fungi commonly known as witches' butter), and witch's jelly, is the most common genus of cyanobacteria found in a variety of both aquatic and terrestrial environments that may form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath of polysaccharides. [1]
Pomoria rhomboidalis are Late Ediacaran microfossils of cyanobacterial trichome which is a characteristic taxon of the fossil microbiota in the East European Platform, it is also found in the Siberia and China. [1] [2] [3] It is the only species in the genus Pomoria. [2]
Trichodesmium is a genus of non-heterocystous cyanobacteria with a unique metabolism that allows them to that fix N 2 while also undergoing oxygenic photosynthesis. It has been estimated that Trichodesmium spp. are responsible for a significant portion, perhaps as much as 25%, of the nitrogen cycling in oceanic ecosystems.