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-ema (Suffix of Frisian origin, given by Napoleon Bonaparte who used suffixes like these to keep a record of people's origins within the Netherlands) [citation needed]-ems [citation needed]-ėnas (Lithuanian) "son of" [citation needed]-enko , -enka/-anka "son of" [citation needed]
A Slavic name suffix is a common way of forming patronymics, family names, and pet names in the Slavic languages. Many, if not most, Slavic last names are formed by adding possessive and other suffixes to given names and other words. Most Slavic surnames have suffixes which are found in varying degrees over the different nations.
Unlike analytic languages like English, which use prepositions ("to", "at", "on" etc.) to show the links and relations between words in a sentence, Eastern Slavic suffixes are used much more broadly than prepositions. Words need the help of some suffix to integrate them into the sentence and to build a grammatically correct sentence.
List of surnames in Ukraine. This list is also to include surnames that did not originate in Ukraine as there are people living in the country with numerous ethnic ...
Spanish naming customs include the orthographic option of conjoining the surnames with the conjunction particle y, or e before a name starting with 'I', 'Hi' or 'Y', (both meaning "and") (e.g., José Ortega y Gasset, Tomás Portillo y Blanco, or Eduardo Dato e Iradier), following an antiquated aristocratic usage.
Several surnames have multiple spellings; this is sometimes due to unrelated families bearing the same surname. A single surname in either language may have multiple translations in the other. In some English translations of the names, the M(a)c- prefix may be omitted in the English, e.g. Bain vs MacBain, Cowan vs MacCowan, Ritchie vs MacRitchie.
Surnames based on women's names are rare (Marunchak from Marunia, a form of Maria). Toponymic surnames. Some Ukrainian toponymic surnames can be identified as from the Galicia region. Those surnames often contain the suffixes -ets or -iets (Kolomiets, Korniets, Romanets, Baranets). Profession-based surnames. Bondar (Bodnar, Bondaruk) — barrel ...
Latvian male surnames usually end in -s, -š or -is whereas the female versions of the same names end in -a or -e or s in both unmarried and married women. Before the emancipation from serfdom (1817 in Courland , 1819 in Vidzeme , 1861 in Latgale ) only noblemen, free craftsmen or people living in towns had surnames.