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Mictecacihuatl (Aztec mythology), [28] the chief death goddess; Queen of Mictlan (underworld) or Lady of the Dead; Mictlantecuhtli (Aztec mythology), the chief death god; lord of the Underworld [29] Tlaloc (Aztec mythology), water god and minor death god; ruler of Tlalocan, a separate underworld for those who died from drowning
Religious sites and rituals for the di inferi were properly outside the pomerium, Rome's sacred boundary, as were tombs. [11] Horse racing along with the propitiation of underworld gods was characteristic of "old and obscure" Roman festivals such as the Consualia, the October Horse, the Taurian Games, and sites in the Campus Martius such as the Tarentum and the Trigarium.
Quirinus, Sabine god identified with Mars; Romulus, the founder of Rome, was deified as Quirinus after his death. Quirinus was a war god and a god of the Roman people and state, and was assigned a flamen maior; he was one of the Archaic Triad gods. Quiritis, goddess of motherhood. Originally Sabine or pre-Roman, she was later equated with Juno.
Libitina, also Libentina or Lubentina, is an ancient Roman goddess of funerals and burial. Her name was used as a metonymy for death, [1] and undertakers were known as libitinarii. [2] Libitina was associated with Venus, and the name appears in some authors as an epithet of Venus. [3]
John Bodel calculates an annual death rate of 30,000 among a population of about 750,000 in the city of Rome, not counting victims of plague and pandemic. [10] At birth, Romans of all classes had an approximate life expectancy of 20–30 years: men and women of citizen class who reached maturity could expect to live until their late 50's or much longer, barring illness, disease and accident. [11]
Roman mythology is the body of myths of ancient Rome as represented in the literature and visual arts of the Romans, and is a form of Roman folklore. "Roman mythology" may also refer to the modern study of these representations, and to the subject matter as represented in the literature and art of other cultures in any period. Roman mythology ...
Archaic Roman Religion. Vol 1. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1966. 2 vols. Littlewood, J. R. "Ovid among the Family Dead: the Roman Founder Legend and Augustan Iconography in Void's Feralia and Lemuria." Latomus. 60 (2003): 916–935. Ovid. Ovid's Fasti. Trans. Betty Rose Nagle. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995.
Caelus or Coelus (/ ˈ s iː l ə s /; SEE-ləs) was a primordial god of the sky in Roman mythology and theology, iconography, and literature (compare caelum, the Latin word for "sky" or "heaven", hence English "celestial"). The deity's name usually appears in masculine grammatical form when he is conceived of as a male generative force.