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The set of APIs used to compile, link, and pass parameters to GLSL programs are specified in three OpenGL extensions, and became part of core OpenGL as of OpenGL Version 2.0. The API was expanded with geometry shaders in OpenGL 3.2, tessellation shaders in OpenGL 4.0 and compute shaders in OpenGL 4.3. These OpenGL APIs are found in the extensions:
A vertex buffer object (VBO) is an OpenGL feature that provides methods for uploading vertex data (position, normal vector, color, etc.) to the video device for non-immediate-mode rendering. VBOs offer substantial performance gains over immediate mode rendering primarily because the data reside in video device memory rather than system memory ...
An example of two kinds of shadings: Flat shading on the left and Phong shading on the right. Phong shading is an improvement on Gouraud shading, and was one of the first computer shading models developed after the basic flat shader, greatly enhancing the appearance of curved surfaces in renders.
Example of coexistence with immediate mode in the same library is OpenGL. [ dubious – discuss ] [ failed verification ] [ 10 ] OpenGL has immediate mode functions that can use previously defined server side objects ( textures , vertex buffers and index buffers , shaders , etc.) without resending unchanged data.
The ARB and Nvidia established a number of OpenGL extensions to standardize GPU programming: [1] EXT_texture_env_combine - provided a programmable method of combining textures. NV_register_combiners - GeForce 256; NV_vertex_program - GeForce 3; NV_texture_shader - GeForce 3; NV_texture_shader3 - GeForce 4; NV_vertex_program2 - GeForce FX
Modern graphics cards use a freely programmable, shader-controlled pipeline, which allows direct access to individual processing steps. To relieve the main processor, additional processing steps have been moved to the pipeline and the GPU. The most important shader units are vertex shaders, geometry shaders, and pixel shaders.
The shader assembly language in Direct3D 8 and 9 is the main programming language for vertex and pixel shaders in Shader Model 1.0/1.1, 2.0, and 3.0. It is a direct representation of the intermediate shader bytecode which is passed to the graphics driver for execution.
Perl OpenGL (POGL) is a portable, compiled wrapper library that allows OpenGL to be used in the Perl programming language. POGL provides support for most OpenGL 2.0 extensions, abstracts operating system specific proc handlers, and supports OpenGL Utility Toolkit (GLUT), a simple cross-platform windowing interface.