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An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
In mathematics, the infinite series 1 / 2 + 1 / 4 + 1 / 8 + 1 / 16 + ··· is an elementary example of a geometric series that converges absolutely. The sum of the series is 1. In summation notation, this may be expressed as
Ramanujan summation is a technique invented by the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan for assigning a value to divergent infinite series.Although the Ramanujan summation of a divergent series is not a sum in the traditional sense, it has properties that make it mathematically useful in the study of divergent infinite series, for which conventional summation is undefined.
In mathematics, summation is the addition of a sequence of numbers, called addends or summands; the result is their sum or total.Beside numbers, other types of values can be summed as well: functions, vectors, matrices, polynomials and, in general, elements of any type of mathematical objects on which an operation denoted "+" is defined.
In reality, we can only use a finite number of these terms as it would take an infinite amount of computational time to make use of all of them. So let's suppose we use only three terms of the series, then e x ≈ 1 + x + x 2 2 ! {\displaystyle e^{x}\approx 1+x+{\frac {x^{2}}{2!}}}
where c 1 = 1 / a 1 , c 2 = a 1 / a 2 , c 3 = a 2 / a 1 a 3 , and in general c n+1 = 1 / a n+1 c n . Second, if none of the partial denominators b i are zero we can use a similar procedure to choose another sequence { d i } to make each partial denominator a 1:
The fact that π cot(πz) has simple poles with residue 1 at each integer can be used to compute the sum = (). Consider, for example, f(z) = z −2. Let Γ N be the rectangle that is the boundary of [−N − 1 / 2 , N + 1 / 2 ] 2 with positive orientation, with an integer N. By the residue formula,
However, certain calculations may result in the program attempting to evaluate an infinite number of elements; for example, requesting the length of the list or trying to sum the elements of the list with a fold operation would result in the program either failing to terminate or running out of memory.