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Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
The chess variants listed below are derived from chess by changing one or more of the many rules of the game. The rules can be grouped into categories, from the most innocuous (starting position) to the most dramatic (adding chance/randomness to the gameplay after the initial piece placement).
This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess, in alphabetical order.Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin.For a list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece; for a list of terms specific to chess problems, see Glossary of chess problems; for a list of named opening lines, see List of chess openings; for a list of chess-related games, see List of ...
The rules of chess prescribe the moves each type of chess piece can make. During play, the players take turns moving their own chess pieces. The rook may move any number of squares vertically or horizontally without jumping. It also takes part, along with the king, in castling. The bishop may move any number of squares diagonally without ...
The modern rules of chess (and breaking them) are discussed in separate articles, and briefly in the following subsections: Rules of chess – rules governing the play of the game of chess. White and Black in chess – one set of pieces is designated "white" and the other is designated "black". White moves first.
Before the game players choose their armies in a certain way, predefined by tournament rules. This can be done either randomly or secretly by both players. Each player has a choice of 4 armies: [3] the Fabulous FIDEs, which are the standard chess pieces, the Colorbound Clobberers, the Nutty Knights, and the Remarkable Rookies.
The above type of problems are usually considered orthodox, in the sense that the standard rules of chess are observed. Fairy chess problems, also called heterodox problems, involve altered rules, such as the use of unconventional pieces or boards, or stipulations that contradict the standard rules of chess such as reflexmates or seriesmovers.
A square is defined by the name of piece or empty parameter. The names of the pieces are those given in algebraic notation: k = king; q = queen; r = rook; b = bishop; n = knight; p = pawn; These letters are combined with either "l" for Light=White, or "d" for Dark=Black. So "kl" is White's king, and "nd" is Black's knight.