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A hydrometer or lactometer is an instrument used for measuring density or relative density of liquids based on the concept of buoyancy. They are typically calibrated and graduated with one or more scales such as specific gravity .
The only reference to modern history claims (without giving a reference) that the hydrometer appears in the works of Jacques Alexandre César Charles, who was born in 1746, but a London instrument maker, John Clarke, was marketing hydrometers in 1725, when they were in use by the Excise authorities to measure the strengths of spirits, and there ...
The Twaddell scale is a hydrometer scale used for measuring the specific gravity of liquids relative to water. On this scale, a specific gravity of 1.000 is reported as 0, and a specific gravity of 2.000 is reported as 200. [1]
The Baumé scale is a pair of hydrometer scales developed by French pharmacist Antoine Baumé in 1768 to measure density of various liquids. The unit of the Baumé scale has been notated variously as degrees Baumé, B°, Bé° and simply Baumé (the accent is not always present).
Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters. [1]
The Fahrenheit hydrometer is a device used to measure the density of a liquid. It was invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736), better known for his work in thermometry . The Nicholson hydrometer , after William Nicholson (1753-1815), is similar in design, but instead of a weighted bulb at the bottom there is a small container ...
Hydrostatic bubbles, also known as philosophical bubbles, gravity beads, aerometrical beads and hydrometer beads, are a type of hydrometer invented in 1757 by Alexander Wilson of Glasgow. [1] The design was subsequently improved and patented by the glassblower and instrument maker Isabella Lovi [ 2 ] of Edinburgh in 1805. [ 3 ]
The Portuguese Wikipedia (Portuguese: Wikipédia em português) is the Portuguese-language edition of Wikipedia (written Wikipédia, in Portuguese), the free encyclopedia. It was started on 11 May 2001. [2] Wikipedia is the nineteenth most accessed website in Brazil [3] and the tenth most accessed in Portugal. [4]